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Paul through Mediterranean Eyes

Paul Through Mediterranean EyesThe study of Scripture in its cultural background has always been a primary interest to me. Even more than grammatical context, the cultural context of Scripture provides keys to properly understanding and applying the Scriptures. I believe that when we begin to understand the culture and history behind a Scriptural figure or book of the Bible, the Scriptures not only come to life but are also more easily applied to life.

And so it was with great excitement when I was recently asked to review Kenneth Bailey’s new book, Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians. Kenneth Bailey is one of the leading scholars in the world on cultural background studies of, and his books on Jesus and the parables have been extremely helpful in my own research of Scripture.

Cultural Background of 1 Corinthians

But since I recently finished writing the rough draft of a Commentary on 1 Corinthians, I was especially excited to read what Bailey had to say about the cultural background of 1 Corinthians. I had done my best to uncover as much of the cultural background material as I could for my commentary, and I wanted to see if I had missed anything.

As it turns out, I missed quite a bit. Bailey spent forty years living and teaching in the Middle East, and while much has changed there since the days of Jesus and Paul, there is much that has not changed as well, and these forty years of first-hand experience provide Bailey with a unique perspective on the Scriptures which every reader and teacher of Scripture can benefit from.

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The Way of the Kingdom

Herodium complex

When reading about the birth of Jesus in Scripture, many people do not realize that Bethlehem was situated within a mile or two of the Herodium, a huge palace fortress built upon a hill for King Herod, who had set himself up as the King of the Jews. Undoubtedly, as Joseph and Mary worked their way toward Bethlehem, their eyes looked frequently to this fortress upon a hill, reminding them of King Herod’s power, glory, and might.

The contrast between Herod and Jesus could not be more stark.

Herodium MapHerod’s fortress and all the wealth and strength it represented was contrasted by the poverty and weakness of Joseph and Mary struggling to make their way to Bethlehem where they were not even able to find a room to sleep in.

Instead, Mary had to give birth to her son in a dirty stable, surrounded by animals, and the only clothing she had for Him were some strips of linen to wrap Him in.

But this is the way of God and His Kingdom.

This Advent season, if you think that you are too poor, too weak, or too insignificant for God to use, remember Joseph, Mary, and Jesus. Their beginnings could not have been more humble. God loves taking the poor, the weak, and the humble people of this world, and using them to bring glory to Himself.

This is an excerpt from A Scripture on Advent: Luke 2:4-7.


His Name will be Called

His Name will be Called

We looked briefly at Isaiah 9:6 yesterday, and the government of Jesus. In that same Scripture, Isaiah also says that “his name will be called…” and then goes on to list a bunch of names: Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Most often we tend to think that these are other names of Jesus. But I don’t think this is the best way to understand this Scripture.

First of all, Isaiah say that this child will have one name (singular). But if this is so, why would Isaiah then go on to list four names (or five, or eight, depending on how you count)?

Second, if these are names of Jesus, then we run into some serious problems understanding the text. For example, nobody in Isaiah’s day though that the Messiah was going to be God Himself. And so Isaiah would not have written that the Messiah was “Mighty God” if he meant by this that the Messiah would be “God incarnate.” Even more seriously, the third “name” is “Everlasting Father.” Unless you don’t believe in the Trinity, you are probably not ready to say that Jesus is God the Father.

So in light of these sorts of difficulties, it seems better to understand the “names” of Isaiah 9:6 not as “names” but as descriptions of the one name,  Jesus. In this way, Isaiah 9:6 is saying, “And He will be described in this way…”

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The Government of King Jesus

Government of JesusAs we watch the comedic behavior of some of our elected officials in Washington D. C.,  we long for the return of Jesus when He will rule and reign over all the earth with righteousness and justice.  If we ever wonder what His government will be like, we don’t have to look any further than His birth.

The birth of Jesus reflects what the future reign of Jesus will look like.

One Scripture that describes His government is Isaiah 9:6. It says this:

For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Those four “names” are not really names, but are descriptions of his name (singular). Over at Scripture-on.com, I wrote the following about this verse:

When Jesus rules and reigns, He will be a “Wonderful Counselor”, making wise decisions for the good of all. “Mighty God” might be better translated “Mighty is God” or “Mighty of God.” Jesus, of course, is God incarnate, but this verse does not teach it. Instead, it is teaching that His might and power as ruler comes from God. Similarly, “Everlasting Father” does not mean Jesus is God the Father. It means that Jesus is the benevolent father of all people, watching over them and caring for them as His own children. Finally, He is the “Prince of Peace.” Though many governments promise peace, true peace comes only through Jesus Christ.

And for these reasons we cry, “Maranatha!” Come, Lord Jesus!

Head on over there to Scripture-on.com for the rest of this post.


The Christmas Song of Mary

Mary Mother of Jesus Christ

Though the Magnificat is sometimes referred to as a Christmas song of Mary, she didn’t actually sing it after Jesus was born, but about nine months before His birth (see Luke 1:39-56).

Regardless, the significance of the song is not when she sang it, but what it is she sang. Here is an except from a sermon I preached on the Magnificat many years ago:

Mary’s song is a beautiful reminder of all that God has done for us and has promised to do for those who follow after Him. It is a new song that burst from the lips of Mary based on what she knew Scripture to say.

This song, for me, seems to end abruptly. All of a sudden, it’s just over. It stops. Maybe Mary drifted off into humming her tune. Maybe Luke didn’t record all of her song. But I think her song ended just as recorded here—with an abrupt stop.

Why? Because her song is not over. This was just the first verse of millions more to come. She sang many more stanzas throughout her life, and the men and women of God throughout time who allow the words of Scripture to penetrate their minds have added many more words to this song.

You can add your own verse too. Your life is a stanza in the greatest song ever written. You are part of a divine symphony. How are you playing your piece?

It’s like the end of the book of Acts. Acts 28 ends without any conclusion. It seems that there should be an Acts 29. And there is. There is no end to Acts, because you and I are continuing to write chapters in that book which records the acts of the Christians in the church. You and I are Acts 29, and 30, and 31 and on and on. It’s similar with Mary’s song. You and I are writing more stanzas.

“It must never be forgotten that whenever Christ has entered into the human heart, a new song has been put into the mouth of the believer. Christianity in the heart means music in the life. A religion without joy is a landscape without the sun. Christianity without the elevation of music is as an eagle with broken wings.”

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